Market basics

How do I prepare for volatile market days? What are circuit limits or price bands? What are short term capital gains and long term capital gains? What is interoperability of exchanges and how does it affect my Equity and F&O trading? What is Limit Price Protection (LPP)? What are limit and market orders? What does Delivery, Intraday, T+5 and Carryforward mean? Why are limit orders placed far from LTP being rejected?